Manifold and thermostatic regulating device therefor



July 3, 1928.

W. E. S. STRONG MANIFOLD AND THERMOSTATIC REIGULATING DEVICE THEREFOR Filed May 1a. 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet July 3, 1928. 1,675,870

W. E. S. STRONG MANIFOLD AND THERMOSTATIC REGULATING DEVICE THEREFOR Filed May 18. 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 anvcnfoz imam 5, s 3& awe 541m;

July 3, 1928. 1,675,870

' W. E. S. STRONG MANIFOLD AND THERMOSTATIC REGULATING DEVICE THEREFOR July 3, 1928 1,675,870

W. E. S. STRONG MANIFOLD AND THERMOSTATIC REGULATING DEVICE THEREFOR Filed May 18, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 w J o F 7 2/ 1 V w U 7/1 m 0 I 4 w v @u a M 5 July 3, 1928. 1,675,870

w. E. s. STRONG MANIFOLD AND THERMOSTATIC REGULATING DEVICE THEREFOR Filed May 18, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 amount-oz 20:14am. 8.5 3515 4': G am/140,13

Patented July 3, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM E. S. STRONG, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO WILLIAM P. DEPPE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MANIFOLD AND THERMOSTATIC REGULATING DEVICE THEREFOR.

Application fil ed May 18, 1921. Serial No. 440,736.

My improvement relates more particularly to an internal combustion engine provided with an intake manifold which may be completely enclosed within the exhaust manifold and adapted to be surrounded by the exhaust gases or otherwise arranged for utilizing the exhaust gases for raising the temperature of the mixture. In heating devices of this Character, the temperature of the mixture in the intake manifold, by the time it reaches the intake ports, may become excessive under certain conditions and, therefore, the object of my improvement is to provide automatic meansfor controlling the temperature of the mixture by controlling the flow of exhaust gases and the heating eifect thereof on the intake manifold.

It will be obvious that various forms of heating devices may be utilized for heating the mixture after it leaves the carburetor, both before and after it enters the intake manifold, but for the purpose of illustrating the adaptation of my improved thermostatic regulating device to heated manifolds. I have shown such a device in connection with a heater and mixer and manifold arrangement operating according to the Depp method as more particularly described in Depp Patent No. 1,335,655 of March 1920, for internal combustion engines.

It is essentially desirable that the heater and mixer shall receive exhaust gases for heating purpose at all times, but at certain speeds and under certain conditions, it may gases fiowing through the exhaust manifold chainber,,about the intake manifold should be reduced or entirely out off if the mixture fore stated, it' is desirable that the heater and mixer'shall receive exhaust gases at all times, one object of my improvement is to arrange by-passes in conjunction with the heat controlling means for continuously supplying the heater and mixer with exhaust gases independently of the position of the heat regulating member or of the amount 5 of exhaust gases, which may be passed be desirable that the amount of exhaust through the exhaust manifold chamber about the intake manifold.

In carrying out my improvement for the automatic control of the temperature of the mixture, the damper or valve which is provided for controlling the flow of the exhaust gases may be and is preferably operatively connected with a thermostatic member of suitable construction completely enclosed within the intake manifold adjacent the intake ports of the engine, therebyfacilitating the thermostat control of the heat supplied by the exhaust gases, according to the temperature of the mixture just before it enters the intake ports of the engine. Obvlously, any suitable thermostat may be employed, but referably the thermostatic membershoulg be of such a design as to become effective to operate the damper only after a'predetermined temperature of the mixture has been reached.

In the present form of my improvement, therefore, I have shown a limited range thermostatic member, in which a collapsible bellows-like capsule is surrounded b a partial vacuum in a chamber partialij filled with a liquid, the arrangement being such that the pressure or vapor tension in the chamber will not be sufiicient to collapse the capsule until the temperature thereof reaches or exceeds a predetermined amount. The collapsible capsule may be operatively connected with any suitable means for contr olling the flow of exhaust gases about the intake manifold, or otherwise utilizing the heat of the exhaust gases, thearrangement being such that when the predetermined temperature is reached by the mixture in the intake manifold, the vapor pressure in the vacuum chamber of the thermostat becomes suflicient to start the collapse of the bellowslike capsule and the regulating device is moved to reduce the amount of exhaust the thermostat according to the position of the throttle, without eliminating the operative connection between the damper or valve and the thermostatic member. Therefore, another object of my improvement is to provide means for not only automatically controlling the flow of the exhaust gases according to the temperature of the mixture, but also to control the flow of exhaust gases according to the position of the throttle.

My improvement. as adapted for a sixcylinder engine is more particularly shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of the carburetor, heater and mixer and manifold construction operating according to the Depp method, a part being broken away and shown in section; Fig. 2 is a sectional detail of a modification; Fig. 3 represents a vertical transverse section mainly on a central plane through the heater and mixer. the section through the manifolds being taken through one of the intake ports of the engine; Fig. 4 represents a vertical transverse section in part vertically through the riser of the manifold and in part through one of the exhaust ports of the engine: F ig. 5 is a sectional detail, showing the opening from the damper chamber into the exhaust pipe; Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical transverse sec tion, substantially on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1, showing the thermostat and its connection with the exhaust controlling member: Fig. 7 is a plan view of the damper: Fig. 8 represents an edge or side View of the damper; Fig. 9 represents a vertical transverse section similar to Fig. 6 of a form in which my improved combined throttle and thermostatic control of the exhaust regulating valve is shown and Fig. 10 is a transverse section of the exhaust gas regulating member or valve shown in Fig. 9. the section being similar to Fig. 5, where the exhaust gases enters the exhaust pipe.

Referring to the drawings, and more particularly to Fig. 1, thereof, the carburetor is represented at 1 and may be of the usual or any preferred form. As is usual in this type of carburetor, the primary air passing into the carburetor through the inlet chamber 2 is preferably conducted thereto through a pipe 3, connecting with a stove or heater 4, surrounding the exhaust pipe 5, so that the air may be properly heated before it enters the carburetor. The carburetor is also provided with an auxiliary chamber 6, which is connected by means of the pipe 7 with a similar stove or heater 8. surrounding the exhaust pipe 5. so that all the auxiliary air entering the carburetor may be properly heated.

The throttle valve of the carburetor is preferably located in the chamber 9 and adapted to be operated by the usual crank arms 10. The upper end of the throttle chamber, which is provided with a flange 11. in the present instance, is adapted to be secured to the flanged lower end 12 of the Depp form of heater and mixer. The heater and mixer, as will be seen more particularly in Fig. 3 of the drawings is provided with a rotary mechanical mixer 13, mounted in the inlet end, and adapted to create turbulence and assist in rendering the mixture homogeneous.

The mixture conduit through the heater and mixer at 14 is annular in crosssection and the mixture passing therethrough is adapted to be heated on both sides. This is accomplished by mounting the hollow spherical bulb 15, within the heater and mixer and spacing it away from the outer spherical wall 16 of the conduit, thereby forming the annular conduit 14. The conduit wall 16 is surrounded by a jacket 17, which is uniformly spaced therefrom and preferably extends downward at 18 to heat the mixing chamber, in which the rotary mixer is located. The inner spherical bulb 15 is supported in place by the tubular connections 19 and 20, which form openings through which exhaust gases may be admitted to the inner bulb and passed on through the pipe 19, to the chamber of the jacket 17, so as to heat the mixture in the conduit 14 on both sides as previously stated. The exhaust gases may pass out from the jacket 17 through-the pipe 21. (see Fig. 1). Exhaust gases are admitted to the pipe 20 througha connecting pipe 22. which is connected to receive the exhaust gases directly from the exhaust manifold chamber of the engine, as more particularly described hereinafter.

The mixture, after passing through the annular conduit 14 of the heater and mixer, enters the lower end 23 of the trunk or riser of the intake manifold, the heater and mixer bein secured thereto by suitable flanges and olts, as indicated at 24, in Fig. 1 of the drawings. As indicated in Fig. 3 of the drawings, the riser or trunk, member 23 of the intake manifold follows substantially a circular curve for about 90 and enters a central opening. 25 in the spreader arm section 26. as indicated in Fig. 3 of the drawings.

In the form of manifold shown, I have preferably formed the riser or trunk of the intake manifold 23, with a chamber or jacket 27 completely enclosing the riser, the whole being preferably cast as an integral section.

The spreader arms section 26, is preferably provided with fiattened spreader arms 28. which, as indicated in Fig. 1 of the drawings. spread out at right angles from the opening 25 where they join the riser and the lower ends of the spreader arms 28 merge into an inlet port chamber 29, which extends transversely of theintake ports of the enill? gine, preferably as a continuous chamber and is provided with properly spaced tubular nipples 30 for conducting the mixture into the respective intake ports 31.

The intake ports 31 are preferably located in a plane, above the exhaust ports 32 (see Fig. 4) and the intake manifold is adapted to be surrounded by exhaust gases for heat ing the mixture therein, the exhaust gases flowing over the intake manifold, upward and outward in the opposite direction to the flow of mixture therein, so that the mixture may be progressively heated.

The heating of the intake manifold may be accomplished by enclosing it in the ex haust manifold, which in the present form of my improvement, is formed by uniting two integral castings. The casting 33 forms the rear wall of the exhaust manifold chamber and is spaced from the spreader arm section 26, as indicated in Fig. 3 of the drawings, the nipples 30 of the latter entering a suitable counter-bore 34 in, the lower plate portion of the casting, so as to form astight joints therewith, around the holes 35,

through which the mixture may pass from the intake manifold to the respective ports 31. In the form shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, the front wall of the exhaust manifold is formed of an integral casting 36, which is spaced from the intake manifold 26, so that the latter may be completely surrounded with exhaust gases. Each of the exhaust manifold castings 33 and 36 is provided with a flange at 37, so that they may be secured together by suitable bolts 38, as indicated in Figs. 1,3 and 4 of the drawings. The front wall casting 36 of the exhaust manifold is shown as provided with an opening at 39, which is surrounded by a flange 40, arranged to cooperate with a flange 41 on the jacket of'the intake riser casting 23-27, so that the two may be permanently united and admit the exhaust gases to the jacket 27 and thereby heat the-intake riser 23. The flanges 40-41 may be secured together by suitable bolts 42 ,(see Fig. 1.) and the separate integral casting 26 of the spreader arms section of the intake manifold is preferably provided with ears 43, whereby it may be firmly secured to the manifold. riser section 23 by bolts 44. The intake manifold section 26 may be held to the back plate 33 by a nut 45 on the end of a tubular boss 46, projecting therefrom, as indicated in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings. The boss 46, is preferably provided with 'a hole 47 and may be connected with a pipe for injecting fuel into the manifold for. priming, or with a vacuum feed.

The engine is indicated at 48 and is provided with the usual intake and exhaust valves 49 and 50, the former being indicated in Fig. 3 and the latter in Fig. 4 of the drawings. The spark plug for each cylinder of the engine is represented at 51, may be located above the intake valves 49. The combined intake and exhaust manifold may be secured to the engine by suitable bolts 52 (see Fig. 1) with the usual gasket 53 interposed.

In addition to the intake openings 35, the rear wall casting 33 of the exhaust manifold is provided with holes at 54, opening directly into the exhaust ports 55, as indicated in Fig. 4 of the drawings. The exhaust ports 55, in the particular engine here shown are below the inlet ports 31, and the exhaust manifold is preferabl provided with a suitable continuous cham er 56 extending transversely of and with which the exhaust ports 85 directly communicate.

The exhaust port chamber 56 is in direct communication with the exhaust chamber, surrounding the intake manifold 26-29, so that. exhaust gases may pass up on both sides of the intake manifold and completely surround it and pass on into the chamber 27, surrounding the riser section, 23, after which theymay pass out through the exhaust pipe sect-ion 57, which may be preferably cast integral with the acket and riser section 23-27. The exhaust pipe section 57 extends horizontally and is secured to the downwardly extending exhaust pipe 5, by the flange bolts 58,'as indicated in Fig. 1 of the drawlngs.

The exhaust chamber 56 at one end'thereof, as will be seen in Fig. l of the drawings, is provided with an opening at 59 (dotted lines) leading directly into the exhaustpipe 5 back of the upper stove or heater 8, as more particularly shown in the detailed View in Fig. 5 of the'drawings.

The chamber 56 may be provided with suitable means for regulating the flow of exhaust gasessuch as the damper or vane '60, extending longitudinally of the chamber 55, transversely of all of the exhaust ports 54, and pivoted at each end of the chamber by any suitable pivots, such as the screws 61' (see'Fig. l). The edge of the damper 60, extending toward the exhaust ports, is pref-Q erably provided at intervals, with counter weight lugs 62. The outer portion of the damper 60 is preferably curved upward at 63, so as to direct exhaust gases up into that portion of the exhaust manifold surrounding the intake manifold 26. The curved portion 63 of the damper may be formed integral with an apron ortion 64, extending cylindrically about the pivots 61 as the axis, the front wall 65 of the exhaust chamber 56 being also cylindricalso as to form a close fitting oint therebetween.

The curved apron 64 is shown as provided with anopening 66, leading into the exhaust pipe 5, as indicated in Fig. 5 of the drawings. The arrangement is such that if the damper- 60 is all the way down, as indicated in Fig. 6 of the drawings, all of the exhaust gases, entering the chamber 56 from the exhaust ports, will be conducted up into the exhaust manifold, surrounding the intake manifold 26, except that going to the heater and mixer as hereinafter explained. When the damper 60 is in this position. (Fig. 6) it is preferable that the port or opening 59 leading into the exhaust pipe 5 should be closed and, therefore, the apron 64- of the damper is extended at 67 below the slot or opening. 66, substantially as indicated in Figs. 5, 7 and 8 of the drawings. Figs. '7 and 8 show the damper 60 in detail, removed from the chamber. When the damper 60 is in the position shown in Figs. 3 and 5, it will be seen that the exhaust gases from the engine will be divided and a part thereof will flow up around the intake manifold and a part will flow under the damper 60 and out through the openings 66 and 59 directly into the exhaust pipe 5. In this manner, the heating effect of the exhaust gases on the intake manifold. may be regulated and con- .trolled by the position of the damper 60. If

the damper is moved to its uppermost position, it will be seen that the exhaust gases will be cut oil entirely from flowingabout the intake manifold, and all of it will be discharged through the openings 66 and 59 directly into the exhaust pipe 5.

It has previously been pointed out that my improved heat regulating device is preferably used in cooperation with the Depp heater and mixer, and for this reason. it is necessary to provide for admitting exhaust gases to the jackets of the heater and mixer at all times, irrespective of the amount of exhaust gases that may be passed around the intake manifold 26. Therefore. to accomplish this I provide a by-pass 68. with which the pipe 22 for conducting exhaust gases into the heater and mixer, (see Figs. 3 and 4) may be connected,said by-pass referably being formed integral with the front wall 36 of the exhaust manifold casting and the two arms 69 thereof passing downward along the front wall of the exhaust manifold, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 4 of the drawings. The lower end of each leg 69 of the by-pass is preferably united with the exhaust chamber 56, b two openings or channels 70 and 71 (see ig. 4) and the apron portion of the damper 60, is provided with two openings 72 and 73, adapted to communicate. directly with the openings 70 and 71 of the by-pass arms 69, so that exhaust gases may pass into and up through the bypass at all times, irres ective of the position of the damper 60, there y providing for a continuous supply of exhaust gases for heating the heater and mixer, while providing for varying the uantity of exhaust gases that may be passed tn'ough the exhaust manifold for heating the intake manifold 26.

The position of the damper may be regulated in any suitable manner, but preferably I may regulate the flow of exhaust gases about the intake manifold by means of a thermostat placed within the intake manifold and adapted to be surrounded by the mixture passing therethrough and operatively connected with the damper or member for controlling the-flow of exhaust gases. Therefore, in Figs. 1 and 6 of the drawings, it will be seen that the damper 60 is connected by means of a link 74, the lower end of which is pivoted at .75 in a pocket in. the damper. The upper end of the link or connecting rod 74: may be provided with a ball joint at 76 pivotally connecting it to the under-side of the head 77 of a bellows-like flexible tube or capsule 78 forming, as it were, a collapsible cylindrical open ended thimble, the lower open end 70 of which is hermetically sealed at its periphery to the lower end of a slightly larger plain cylindrical tubular thimble 80. The bellows-like member 78 and the en closing thimble 80 are spaced apart, as indicated in Fig. 6 of the drawings, andthe space between them is partially filled with a suitable liquid, as indicated at 81. The chamber thus formed may be exhausted, so as to normally establish therein a more or less complete vacuum according to the predetermined temperature at which it is desired to have the thermostat become operatively effective. It will therefore be apparent that normally the upper end 77 of the bellows-like capsule will rest against the upper end of the thimble 80 because of the atmospheric pressure exerted on the inside thereof through the open end of the thimbles. However, if the enclosing thimble 80 is subjected to heat the liquid contained in the vacuum chamber. will be vaporized in part, and the vapor tension, if-the temperature is increased. sufiiciently will ultimately become great enough to overcome the atmospheric pressure and when this occurs the bellows-like capsule or flexible tube 78 will be compressed or start to collapse and the head 77 thereof will move downward, thereby, through the link or rod 74, moving the damper 60. By suitable selection of the liqaid 81, used in the vacuum chamber and the extent of the vacuum, it will be understood that a thermostatic member may be produced, w nich will not become operatively effective, until the desired predetermined temperature within the chamber 29 of the intake manifold has been reached. By suitably proportioning the diameter and length of the bellows-like tube 78 and thimble 80, the range of movement of the collapsible tube may be made such that the valve or damper 60 ma be closed completely, f the temperature 0 the mixture rises 5 or 10,

or any desired amount above the predetermined temperature at which the thermostat begins to move the damper 60.

The limited range thermostatic member may be inserted in the intake manifold chamber 29 in any suitable manner, but as shown in Figs. 1 and 6 of the drawings, the wall of the chamber is given a slight cylindrical bulge at 82 "and the manifold is provided with an opening, through which the thermostat thimble 80 may be inserted, the latter being shown as secured to an annular nut 83, which is screw threaded into the opening in the manifold chamber 29, thereby forming a gas-tight joint. Inorder to prevent exhaust gases from circulating in or rushing into the openend of the thermostatic member, the lower end is preferably closed by a thin plate 84, which may-be of metal or other suitable material. Obviously. the thermostatic member may be secured in place by bolts or rivets with a suitable gasket interposed to insure a gas-tight joint.

Under certain conditions and in connection with some types of manifolds and engines, it may be desirable to have the member or damper 6.0, for controlling the flow of exhaust gases to be utilized, for heating the incoming -mixture, regulated directly by manual adjustment, either from the instrument board or by connection with the throttle. Therefore, in Fig. 2 of the drawings, I have illustrated a slight modification, in which the damper 60, at one end may be provided with a square hole, in which the inner end of a stub shaft 85 is adapted to fit, the stub shaft 85 being held in place bysuitable shoulders and agland nut 86. The other end of the shaft is shown as provided with a crank arm 87 connected by a link 88 with one arm 89 of a bell crank, pivotally mounted at 90 to the lower side of the exhaust manifold casing 36. The other arm 91 of the bell crank may be connected by means of a link 92 with one of the crank arms 10, operatively connected with the throttle or the connecting link or rod 92 may be extended to the instrument board and operated directly. In this manner, it will be seen that the position of the damper or valve controlling the flow of exhaust gases may be regulated according to the position of the throttle or by manual means.

As a better and more practical commercial development of my improvement in combination with the independent control of the'cxhaust regulating device, I may utilize the combination more particularly shown in Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings.

In this form of my improvement, the exhaust ports 55, preferably register with openings 93 leading into a cylindrical chamber'94, in which a cylindrical valve member 95 is rotatably mounted on suitable pivots at each end of the chamber, as indicated by the dotted circles 96. This construction provides a simple means for making a comparatively tight joint between the valve 95 and the chamber 94 for the latter may be reamed out and the valve 95 turned or faced off to fit within the reamed chamber. The cylindrical valve 95 is tubular throughout its length and may be provided with circumferentially elongated holes or openings 97, coinciding with the openings 93, from the exhaust ports; the holes 97 being elongated so that exhaust gases may pass therethrough in any position of the cylindrical valve 95. The upper wall 98 of the cylindrical exhaust chamber is preferably provided with narrow slots 99 and 100, extended longitudinally thereof, and corresponding longitudinal slots 101 and 102 are provided in the wall of the cylindrical valve 95 for admitting exhaust gases to the intake manifold chamber 103 when the valve 95 is in position for the slots to register. The movable valve member 95 is also provided with a slot or opening 104 for admitting exhaust gases directly to the exhaust pipe, through an opening 105 corresponding to the opening 59 in the form shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings. The slot 104 may extend only the width of the exhaust pipe 5, back of the stove 8 or in other words, the width of the opening 105, or may extend substantially the full length of the cylindrical valve 95 and open into a pocket or chamber 106, although this is'not necessary.

Preferably a suitable pocket 107 is formed integral with the inner face and radially of the cylindrical valve 95, as indicated in Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings. The valve 95 -is also provided with a slotted opening at 108, through which a connecting rod 109 extends, the latter being pivotally connected in the pocket 107 at 110, at one side of the axes of the cylindrical valve 95 thereby providing means for rotating the valve. The rod 109 extends through a hole 111, in the upper Wall-98 of the cylindrical chamber, the ar rangement being such that the pocket 107 prevents the escape of exhaust gases.

The exhaust control chamber 94, as previously stated, communicates through the slotted openings 99 100-101 and 102, with the exhaust manifold chamber 103, which as illustrated, is formed by the integral casting 112 and the front wall or closing plate 113, the intake manifold 114 being located therein and completely surrounded by the exhaust gases. In this form of my improvement, as with the form previously described,

In this form, however, I preferably enlarge the intake manifold chamber at 116 and movably mount in the chamber a thermostatic member, substantially similar in operation to the one shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, which comprises a collapsible bellows-like inner capsule 117, surrounded by a tubular thimble 118, to which the lower end thereof is secured at 119, the bellows-like member 117 and the thimble 118 being spaced apart and the chamber between them partially filled with a suitable liquid as indicated at 120, the chamber being also exhausted to form a vacuum therein. Preferably the thimble 118 of the thermostat memher is supported approximately centrally of opening in the lower wall of the intake manifold 116 and the edge thereof may be bent over in the form of an annular flange and secured to the wall of the intake manifold chamber under a disc or plate 123 by screws or bolts, the joint being made gas-tight. The plate or disc 123, however, is provided with a hole at 124, through which the rod 109 may extend, the disc being adapted to prevent circulation of hot exhaust gases withinthe interior of thetube 121 and the bellows-like member 117 of the thermostat. Similarly the upper bellows-like tube 122is passed through a hole in the upper side of the mixture chamber 116 and the end of the tube bent out to form an annular flange, which may be secured to the intake manifold by a cover plate 125 held in place by screws or bolts, as indicated in Fig. 9 of the drawings. The construction is such that it will readily be seen that exhaust gases cannot enter the chamber 116 of the intake manifold, nor can the mixture escape therefrom and yet provision is made for readily moving the floating thermostat for varying its effective position of operation.

The closed upper end 126 of the thimble 118 may be provided with a slotted boss 127, in which a connecting rod 128 is pivoted, the connecting rod extending through a hole in the upper wall 130 of the exhaust manifold. the rod preferably passing through a gland nut 131, as indicated in Fig. 9 of the drawings. The rod 128 may obviously be connected by suitable operating connections with the crank arms 10 of the throttle valve or by suitable intermediate mechanism may be In this manner, the heating effect of the exhaust gases may be controlled by the position of the throttle without interfering with the action of -the thermostatic member, and either may act independently of the other.

In the form and arrangement of my improvement as shown in Fig. 9 of the drawings, it will be seen that the valve member is shown as rotated to completely cut off the flow of exhaust gases through the openings 99 and 100 and the collapsible bellows-like member 117 is partially collapsed, thus indicating a position in which the temperature of the mixture in the intake manifold chamher 116 has risen sufficiently to effectively operate the valve 95 and temporarily cut off the.

supply of exhaust gases to the exhaust manifold. In this position, however, all of the exhaust gases may escape through the opening 104 and pipe connections 105 and pass directly into the exhaust pipe back of the stove 8, as previously indicated in connection with the form shown in Figs. 1 and 5 of the drawings. Obviously, if the temperature of the mixture decreases, the valve 95 would be turned in the opposite direction to bring the slots 101-102 and 99 and 100 into alignment again, so that exhaust gases would again pass up into the exhaust manifold chamber surrounding the intake manifold 114.

It will be seen further that by means of.

the rod 128, acting through the thimble 118 and connecting rod 109, manual 'means may be utilized to move the valve 95 independently of any movement that may be imparted limited to the specific construction or arran ement shown.

he device is shown applied to an engine with exhaust ports below the inlet ports, but obviously it can be applied by modifying the construction, to cylinders having exhaust ports above the inlet ports,-or in the same ,plane. It is apparent that the intake *manifold may be cast integral with the back plate and obviate joints between the intake manifold and'back plate.

It is believed that the manual control for utilizing the heating eflect of the exhaust gases in combination with thermostatic control thereof is radically novel, and, obviously various modifications in the d'ails of construction as shown and described may be made within the scope of the invention. It will also be understood that I am not limited to the articular type of thermostat shown and es'cribed for various forms of thermostatic members be devised and placed within the intake manifold and operatively connected with the exhaust gas regulating device and various other modifications may be made in the specific arrangement and adaptation of my improvement to various sizes and types of engines, Without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

I claim 1. In an internal, combustion engine, the combination with an intake manifold enclosed within the exhaust manifold and adapted to be completely surrounded with the outflowing exhaust gases, of a heater and mixer, provided with jackets and conduits forutilizing exhaust gases from the engine for heating the mixture therein, a member located transversely of the exhaust ports, and adapted to control the flow of exhaust gases about the intake manifold and a by-pass for conductin the exhaust gases from the engine intov t e jackets of said heater and mixer, said by-pass' being arranged to conduct exhaust gases to the heater and mixer at all times, independently I of the position of said member.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with an intake manifold, com prisin a riser and spreader arms, the ends of sai spreader arms merging into a chamber extending transversely'of all the intake ports, connecting nipples between said chamber and the respective intake ports, "an exhaust manifoldsurrounding and enclosing said in take manifold and formed with a continuous chamber located below said intake chamber and provided with openings connecting it with the exhaust orts of the engine, said exhaust chamber lieing provided with an outlet opening leading directly into the exhaust pipe, a member pivotally mounted in said exhaust chamber transversely of the exhaust ports anda thermostat located within said intake chamber. and operatively connected with said member for controlling the osition thereof to regulate the flow of exiaust gases about the intake manifold in accordance with the temperature of the mix ture therein.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of an intake manifold, completely enclosed within the exhaust manifold, means for removably securing said intake manifold within the exhaust manifold and a thermostatic member mounted in said intake manifold and adapted to be rendered accessible when said intake manifold is removed from the exhaust manifold.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with an intake manifold, adapted to be heated by exhaust gases from the engine, an exhaust manifold provided with a port chamber, a movable member in said chamber for controlling the heating effect of said exhaust gases on theintake manifold, a thermostat in the intake manifold and .operatively connected with said member for controlling the heating effect of the exhaust gases according to the temperature of the mixture, a heater and mixer for homogenizing and heating the mixture prior to its entry into said intake manifold, and a connecting conduit between said port chamber and the heater and mixer, whereby the latter may be continuously heated by the exhaust gases independently of the position of said thermostatically controlled member;

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with an intake and exhaust manifold, of means for utilizing the exhaust gases for heating the intake manifold, a heater and mixer for homogenizing and heating the mixture prior to its introduction into the intake manifold, means for regulating the heating effect of the exhaust gases on the intake manifold, and a conduit-for utilizing exhaust gases for heating said heater and mixer independently of said last named means.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with an intake manifold adapted to be heated, of a thermostatic member mounted within the intake manifold, bellows-like tubular member for supporting said thermostatic member so that the relative position thereof in the manifold may be varied and means for securing said bellows-like tubular members to the walls of the intake manifold gas-tight, the ends of said bellows members being open whereby direct connections may be made through said open ends with said thermostatic members.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination Withan intake manifold, adapted to be heated for raising the temperature of the mixture therein, of a tubular member passing transversely through and across the intake manifold, the open ends of said tubularmember being secured gas-tight to the opposite walls of the intake manifold, and a thermostat supported in said tubular member for axial movement therein. substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with an intake manifold, enclosed within the exhaust manifold and adapted to be completely surrounded by ex haust gases, of a chamber forming part of the exhaust manifold below the intake manifold and covering all the exhaust ports of the engine, a member pivotally mounted in said chamber transversely of the exhaust ports of the engine, said chamber being provided with an opening leading directly into the exhaust pipe, and means for regulating the position of said member for determining the amount of exhaust gases flowing around said intake manifold to vary the heating effect thereof.

9. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of an intake manifold. connected withports of the engine located above the exhaust ports, an exhaust manifold, spaced from and completely enclosing said intake manifold and provided with a damper chamber connected with and extending transversely of all the exhaust ports which are located below said intake manifold and adamper member pivotally mounted in and extending the full width of said chamber to cover all of said exhaust ports for controlling the flow of exhaust gases in the exhaust manifold about said intake manifold.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a combined intake and exhaust manifold, comprising separate castings, one of said castings forming the spreader arms and connecting nipples for the intake manifold, another of said castings forming the rear enclosing wall of the exhaust manifold and the other casting forming the front enclosing wall of the exhaust manifold. and including a chambered exhaust outlet surrounding a riser adapted to be united with said spreader arms, said enclosing walls being spaced from the intake manifold casting, and means for securing said castings together and said riser to said spreader arms within said exhaust manifold.

11. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with an intake manifold enclosed in a jacket for exhaust gases utilized for heating said intake manifold, ofan exhaust pipe leading from said jacket, a valve chamber forming part of said jacket immediately covering the exhaust ports and the port end of the intake manifold, an outlet conduit between said chamber and the exhaust pipe for conducting exhaust gases from the ports through said chamber directly into the exhaust pipe, a valve member in said chamber, a thermostat located within the intake manifold and operatively connected with said valve, whereby the position of the latter may be varied by the thermostat for regulating theflow of exhaust gases through said jacket and the amount going directly into the exhaust pipe, said thermostat being controlled by the temperature of the mixture within the intake manifold, and manual means for moving said valve without interrupting the action of said thermostat.

12. In an internal combustion engine, the.

combination with an intake manifold adapted to be heated by the outflowing exhaust gases from the engine, of a heater and mixer, provided with jackets and conduits for utilizing a portion of the engine'exhaust gases for heating the mixture therein, a damper located transversely of the exhaust ports and adapted to control the flow of exhaust gases for heating the intake manifold, and a bypass for conducting exhaust gases from the engine into the jackets of said heater and mixer, said by-pass being arranged to conduct exhaust gases to the heater and mixer at all times, irrespective of the position of said damper.

WILLIAM E. S. STRONG. 

